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Supplementary methods and Figures S1-S7 from Nintedanib Is a Highly Effective Therapeutic for Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Pancreas (PNET) in the Rip1Tag2 Transgenic Mouse Model

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posted on 2023-03-31, 18:42 authored by Ruben Bill, Ernesta Fagiani, Adrian Zumsteg, Helena Antoniadis, David Johansson, Simon Haefliger, Imke Albrecht, Frank Hilberg, Gerhard Christofori

Supplementary methods and Figures S1-S7. Supplementary Methods. Detailed description of reagents and protocols used for immunohistochemical and metastasis analysis, and immunofluorescence microscopy analysis. Supplementary Figure S1. Histopathological staging of insulinoma development in Rip1Tag2 transgenic mice (A); quantification of tumor cell apoptosis (B) and tumor cell proliferation (C) in nintedanib and vehicle-treated Rip1Tag2 mice; determination of the IC50 of nintedanib in repressing cultured insulinoma cells (D). Supplementary Figure S2. Quantification of the number of NG2-positive pericytes (A) and the percentage of perivascular cells not associated with blood vessels (B) in tumors of nintedanib and vehicle-treated Rip1Tag2 mice. Supplementary Figure S3. Quantification and localization of hypoxic areas in tumors of nintedanib and vehicle-treated Rip1Tag2 mice (A-D). Supplementary Figure S4. Quantification of microvessel density (A), tumor volumes (B) and tumor grading (C) in tumors of nintedanib, PTK/ZK, sunitinib and vehicle-treated Rip1Tag2 mice. Supplementary Figure S5. Quantification of liver metastasis in mice treated open-end with nintedanib. Supplementary Figure S6. Quantification of microvessel density (A, C) and tumor volumes (B, D) of tumors from Rip1Tag2 mice treated for 5 days with nintedanib (A, B) or for 3 weeks with sunitinib (C, D). Supplementary Figure S7. Quantification of microvessel density (A, C) and volumes (B, D) of tumors from Rip1Tag2 mice treated with PTK/ZK following the onset of tumorigenesis for 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks (A, B) or for 5 days at a later stage of tumor development (C, D).

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ARTICLE ABSTRACT

Purpose: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET) represent a rare but challenging heterogeneous group of cancers with an increasing incidence over the last number of decades. Herein, we report an in-depth evaluation of the new antiangiogenic small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) nintedanib in the preclinical Rip1Tag2 transgenic mouse model of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the pancreas (insulinoma).Experimental Design: We have assessed the antiangiogenic and antitumor activity of nintedanib, in comparison with other antiangiogenic TKI, by treating Rip1Tag2 transgenic mice with different treatment schedules complemented with histopathologic, cell biologic, and biochemical analyses.Results: Prolonged nintedanib treatment of Rip1Tag2 mice has led to a strong suppression of angiogenesis, accompanied by a reduced tumor burden, which translated into a significant prolongation of survival. Despite nintedanib's inhibitory action on perivascular cells, the blood vessels remaining after therapy displayed a considerably mature phenotype with tight perivascular cell coverage and preserved perfusion. Nintedanib treatment did not increase local tumor invasiveness or metastasis to the liver and pancreatic lymph nodes—a phenomenon that has been observed with antiangiogenic treatments of Rip1Tag2 transgenic mice in other laboratories. In contrast with the strong reduction in blood microvessel densities, nintedanib did not have any impact on tumor lymphangiogenesis.Conclusions: Based on our findings, we propose the clinical evaluation of the antiangiogenic drug nintedanib as a new treatment modality for PNET patients, notably in a direct comparison with already established therapeutic regimens, such as sunitinib. Clin Cancer Res; 21(21); 4856–67. ©2015 AACR.