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Supplementary Tables from MAX Inactivation in Small Cell Lung Cancer Disrupts MYC–SWI/SNF Programs and Is Synthetic Lethal with BRG1

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posted on 2023-04-03, 20:48 authored by Octavio A. Romero, Manuel Torres-Diz, Eva Pros, Suvi Savola, Antonio Gomez, Sebastian Moran, Carmen Saez, Reika Iwakawa, Alberto Villanueva, Luis M. Montuenga, Takashi Kohno, Jun Yokota, Montse Sanchez-Cespedes

PDF file 236K, Table S1. List of the 121 lung cancer cell lines screened for MAX alterations. Information about the histopathology of each cell line, and the presence of alterations at MYC and BRG1 is also included. Grey boxes indicate that no information is available. Table S2. List of genes that are up-regulated or down-regulated upon MAX reconstitution. The values represent the n-fold change in the level of gene expression of each of the lung cancer cell lines infected with the wild type MAX relative to the controls (?). Table S3. List of genes that are up-regulated or down-regulated upon depletion of BRG1. The values represent the n-fold change in the level of gene expression of each of the lung cancer cell lines infected with the shBRG1 relative to the controls ?. Table S4. List of the cell lines included in Figure 5. The information about alterations at the indicated genes was obtained from different sources, as indicated. For data extracted from databases we applied the following criteria to define a mutation: i) mutations at tumor suppressor genes (BRG1, SMARCB1, MAX, ARID1A, PRBM1, and MGA) should be homozygous and predictive of truncated proteins, ii) for amplification at the MYC family of oncogenes, only very high levels of gene amplification have been considered to be positive. Other genes, related to MYC/MAX or to the SWI/SNF complex, have also been searched for alterations (i.e., ARID1B, ARID2, MXI, MXDs) but either no alterations were reported in the databases or the changes did not fulfill our selection criteria. CCLE, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (Broad-Novartis Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia; website, http://www.broadinstitute.org/ccle/). COSMIC, Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (Trust Sanger Institute's Cancer Cell Line Project; website, http://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/)

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ARTICLE ABSTRACT

Our knowledge of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) genetics is still very limited, amplification of L-MYC, N-MYC, and C-MYC being some of the well-established gene alterations. Here, we report our discovery of tumor-specific inactivation of the MYC-associated factor X gene, MAX, in SCLC. MAX inactivation is mutually exclusive with alterations of MYC and BRG1, the latter coding for an ATPase of the switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) complex. We demonstrate that BRG1 regulates the expression of MAX through direct recruitment to the MAX promoter, and that depletion of BRG1 strongly hinders cell growth, specifically in MAX-deficient cells, heralding a synthetic lethal interaction. Furthermore, MAX requires BRG1 to activate neuroendocrine transcriptional programs and to upregulate MYC targets, such as glycolysis-related genes. Finally, inactivation of the MAX dimerization protein, MGA, was also observed in both non–small cell lung cancer and SCLC. Our results provide evidence that an aberrant SWI/SNF–MYC network is essential for lung cancer development.Significance: We discovered that the MYC-associated factor X gene, MAX, is inactivated in SCLCs. Furthermore, we revealed a preferential toxicity of the inactivation of the chromatin remodeler BRG1 in MAX-deficient lung cancer cells, which opens novel therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of patients with SCLC with MAX-deficient tumors. Cancer Discov; 4(3); 292–303. ©2013 AACR.See related commentary by Rudin and Poirier, p. 273This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 259