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Supplementary Table S2 from FDG PET/CT Imaging 1 Week after a Single Dose of Pembrolizumab Predicts Treatment Response in Patients with Advanced Melanoma

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posted on 2024-05-01, 07:22 authored by Thomas M. Anderson, Bryan H. Chang, Alexander C. Huang, Xiaowei Xu, Daniel Yoon, Catherine G. Shang, Rosemarie Mick, Erin Schubert, Suzanne McGettigan, Kristin Kreider, Wei Xu, E. John Wherry, Lynn M. Schuchter, Ravi K. Amaravadi, Tara C. Mitchell, Michael D. Farwell

Supplementary Table S2. Representativeness of Study Participants.

Funding

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

United States Department of Health and Human Services

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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

United States Department of Health and Human Services

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Tara Miller Melanoma Foundation (TMMF)

Melanoma Research Alliance (MRA)

David and Hallee Adelman Immunotherapy Research Fund

Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy (Parker Institute)

RSNA Research and Education Foundation (R&E Foundation)

National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)

United States Department of Health and Human Services

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History

ARTICLE ABSTRACT

Immunologic response to anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy can occur rapidly with T-cell responses detectable in as little as one week. Given that activated immune cells are FDG avid, we hypothesized that an early FDG PET/CT obtained approximately 1 week after starting pembrolizumab could be used to visualize a metabolic flare (MF), with increased tumor FDG activity due to infiltration by activated immune cells, or a metabolic response (MR), due to tumor cell death, that would predict response. Nineteen patients with advanced melanoma scheduled to receive pembrolizumab were prospectively enrolled. FDG PET/CT imaging was performed at baseline and approximately 1 week after starting treatment. FDG PET/CT scans were evaluated for changes in maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and thresholds were identified by ROC analysis; MF was defined as >70% increase in tumor SUVmax, and MR as >30% decrease in tumor SUVmax. An MF or MR was identified in 6 of 11 (55%) responders and 0 of 8 (0%) nonresponders, with an objective response rate (ORR) of 100% in the MF-MR group and an ORR of 38% in the stable metabolism (SM) group. An MF or MR was associated with T-cell reinvigoration in the peripheral blood and immune infiltration in the tumor. Overall survival at 3 years was 83% in the MF-MR group and 62% in the SM group. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was >38 months (median not reached) in the MF-MR group and 2.8 months (95% confidence interval, 0.3–5.2) in the SM group (P = 0.017). Early FDG PET/CT can identify metabolic changes in melanoma metastases that are potentially predictive of response to pembrolizumab and significantly correlated with PFS.

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    Clinical Cancer Research

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    Keywords

    BiomarkersImaging biomarkersClinical ImagingImagingPositron emission tomography (PET)ImmunotherapyCheckpoint blockadeSkin CancersMelanoma

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