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Supplementary Table S1 from Landscape of Clinical Resistance Mechanisms to FGFR Inhibitors in FGFR2-Altered Cholangiocarcinoma

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posted on 2024-01-05, 08:20 authored by Qibiao Wu, Haley Ellis, Giulia Siravegna, Alexa G. Michel, Bryanna L. Norden, Ferran Fece de la Cruz, Eranga Roshan Balasooriya, Yuanli Zhen, Vanessa S. Silveira, Jianwe Che, Ryan B. Corcoran, Nabeel Bardeesy

Supplementary Table 1. Baseline clinical characteristics of patients with FGFR2-altered intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (N=82)

Funding

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

TargetCancer Foundation

Cholangiocarcinoma Foundation

U.S. Department of Defense (DOD)

V Foundation for Cancer Research (VFCR)

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ARTICLE ABSTRACT

FGFR inhibitors are effective in FGFR2-altered cholangiocarcinoma, leading to approval of reversible FGFR inhibitors, pemigatinib and infigratinib, and an irreversible inhibitor, futibatinib. However, acquired resistance develops, limiting clinical benefit. Some mechanisms of resistance have been reported, including secondary FGFR2 kinase domain mutations. Here, we sought to establish the landscape of acquired resistance to FGFR inhibition and to validate findings in model systems. We examined the spectrum of acquired resistance mechanisms detected in circulating tumor DNA or tumor tissue upon disease progression following FGFR inhibitor therapy in 82 FGFR2-altered cholangiocarcinoma patients from 12 published reports. Functional studies of candidate resistance alterations were performed. Overall, 49 of 82 patients (60%) had one or more detectable secondary FGFR2 kinase domain mutations upon acquired resistance. N550 molecular brake and V565 gatekeeper mutations were most common, representing 63% and 47% of all FGFR2 kinase domain mutations, respectively. Functional studies showed different inhibitors displayed unique activity profiles against FGFR2 mutations. Interestingly, disruption of the cysteine residue covalently bound by futibatinib (FGFR2 C492) was rare, observed in 1 of 42 patients treated with this drug. FGFR2 C492 mutations were insensitive to inhibition by futibatinib but showed reduced signaling activity, potentially explaining their low frequency. These data support secondary FGFR2 kinase domain mutations as the primary mode of acquired resistance to FGFR inhibitors, most commonly N550 and V565 mutations. Thus, development of combination strategies and next-generation FGFR inhibitors targeting the full spectrum of FGFR2 resistance mutations will be critical.

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