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Supplementary Table 1 from CDK-4 Inhibitor P276 Sensitizes Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Gemcitabine-Induced Apoptosis

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posted on 2023-04-03, 13:52 authored by Dharmalingam Subramaniam, Giridharan Periyasamy, Sivapriya Ponnurangam, Debarshi Chakrabarti, Aravind Sugumar, Muralidhara Padigaru, Scott J. Weir, Arun Balakrishnan, Somesh Sharma, Shrikant Anant

PDF file, 709KB, The list of primers used for Real Time RT-PCR are shown in this table.

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ARTICLE ABSTRACT

Despite advances in molecular pathogenesis, pancreatic cancer remains a major unsolved health problem. It is a rapidly invasive, metastatic tumor that is resistant to standard therapies. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt and mTOR signaling pathways are frequently dysregulated in pancreatic cancer. Gemcitabine is the mainstay treatment for metastatic pancreatic cancer. P276 is a novel CDK inhibitor that induces G2/M arrest and inhibits tumor growth in vivo models. Here, we determined that P276 sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine-induced apoptosis, a mechanism-mediated through inhibition of Akt-mTOR signaling. In vitro, the combination of P276 and gemcitabine resulted in a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of proliferation and colony formation of pancreatic cancer cells but not with normal pancreatic ductal cells. This combination also induced apoptosis, as seen by activated caspase-3 and increased Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Gene profiling studies showed that this combination downregulated Akt-mTOR signaling pathway, which was confirmed by Western blot analyses. There was also a downregulation of VEGF and interleukin-8 expression suggesting effects on angiogenesis pathway. In vivo, intraperitoneal administration of the P276-Gem combination significantly suppressed the growth of pancreatic cancer tumor xenografts. There was a reduction in CD31-positive blood vessels and reduced VEGF expression, again suggesting an effect on angiogenesis. Taken together, these data suggest that P276-Gem combination is a novel potent therapeutic agent that can target the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway to inhibit both tumor growth and angiogenesis. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(7); 1598–608. ©2012 AACR.

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