Supplementary Methods from p21-Activated Kinase 1 Is Required for Efficient Tumor Formation and Progression in a Ras-Mediated Skin Cancer Model
journal contribution
posted on 2023-03-30, 21:24 authored by Hoi Yee Chow, Adrian M. Jubb, Jennifer N. Koch, Zahara M. Jaffer, Dina Stepanova, David A. Campbell, Sergio G. Duron, Marie O'Farrell, Kathy Q. Cai, Andres J.P. Klein-Szanto, J. Silvio Gutkind, Klaus P. Hoeflich, Jonathan ChernoffPDF file - 153K
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ARTICLE ABSTRACT
The RAS genes are the most commonly mutated oncogenes in human cancer and present a particular therapeutic dilemma, as direct targeting of Ras proteins by small molecules has proved difficult. Signaling pathways downstream of Ras, in particular Raf/Mek/Erk and PI3K/Akt/mTOR, are dominated by lipid and protein kinases that provide attractive alternate targets in Ras-driven tumors. As p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1) has been shown to regulate both these signaling pathways and is itself upregulated in many human cancers, we assessed the role of Pak1 in Ras-driven skin cancer. In human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we found a strong positive correlation between advanced stage and grade and PAK1 expression. Using a mouse model of Kras-driven SCC, we showed that deletion of the mouse Pak1 gene led to markedly decreased tumorigenesis and progression, accompanied by near total loss of Erk and Akt activity. Treatment of KrasG12D mice with either of two distinct small molecule Pak inhibitors (PF3758309 and FRAX597) caused tumor regression and loss of Erk and Akt activity. Tumor regression was also seen in mice treated with a specific Mek inhibitor, but not with an Akt inhibitor. These findings establish Pak1 as a new target in KRAS-driven tumors and suggest a mechanism of action through the Erk, but not the Akt, signaling pathway. Cancer Res; 72(22); 5966–75. ©2012 AACR.Usage metrics
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Keywords
CarcinogenesisAnimal models of carcinogenesisSignal transductionCell CycleSignal transduction pathwaysCell SignalingProtein serine-threonine kinasesDrug MechanismsCellular responses to anticancer drugsOncogenes & Tumor SuppressorsPreclinical ModelsAnimal models of cancerSkin CancersSmall Molecule Agents
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