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Supplementary Figures 1 through 9 from Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Cancer Is Driven by Stroma-Derived Insulin-Like Growth Factors

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posted on 2023-03-31, 00:23 authored by Lucy Ireland, Almudena Santos, Muhammad S. Ahmed, Carolyn Rainer, Sebastian R. Nielsen, Valeria Quaranta, Ulrike Weyer-Czernilofsky, Danielle D. Engle, Pedro A. Perez-Mancera, Sarah E. Coupland, Azzam Taktak, Thomas Bogenrieder, David A. Tuveson, Fiona Campbell, Michael C. Schmid, Ainhoa Mielgo

Fig. S1. Primary M2-like macrophages express IGF-1 and IGF-2. Fig. S2. In the absence of chemotherapy, addition of MCM, IGF blockade or recombinant IGF does not affect proliferation or survival of pancreatic cancer cells. Fig.S3. MCM enhances resistance of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine, 5-FU and paclitaxel in an IGF-dependent manner. Fig. S4. Biopsies from pancreatic cancer patients express activated Insulin and IGF1 receptors and are infiltrated by macrophages. Fig. S5. Mouse orthotopic pancreatic tumors are rich in macrophages and myofibroblasts. Fig. S6. Tumors from KPC mouse model express activated Insulin/IGF1 receptors. Fig. S7. Gating strategy used to FACS-sort tumor cells, immune cells and stromal cells. Fig. S8. Primary pancreatic myofibroblasts secrete IGF-1 and IGF-2. Fig. S9. IGF-1 and IGF-2 are expressed in the tumor microenvironment of PDA patients. Fig. S10. Gating strategies used to analyse tumor infiltrated immune cell populations. Fig. S11. IGF blockade decreases activation of Insulin and IGF1 receptors in pancreatic tumors. Fig. S12. Combination of 5-FU and paclitaxel with BI 836845 in a syngeneic orthotopic pancreatic cancer model.

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Medical Research Council

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ARTICLE ABSTRACT

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and myofibroblasts are key drivers in cancer that are associated with drug resistance in many cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which TAM and fibroblasts contribute to chemoresistance is unclear. In this study, we found that TAM and myofibroblasts directly support chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells by secreting insulin-like growth factors (IGF) 1 and 2, which activate insulin/IGF receptors on pancreatic cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of biopsies from patients with pancreatic cancer revealed that 72% of the patients expressed activated insulin/IGF receptors on tumor cells, and this positively correlates with increased CD163+ TAM infiltration. In vivo, we found that TAM and myofibroblasts were the main sources of IGF production, and pharmacologic blockade of IGF sensitized pancreatic tumors to gemcitabine. These findings suggest that inhibition of IGF in combination with chemotherapy could benefit patients with PDAC, and that insulin/IGF1R activation may be used as a biomarker to identify patients for such therapeutic intervention. Cancer Res; 76(23); 6851–63. ©2016 AACR.

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