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Supplementary Figures 1-19 from ALK-Dependent Control of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors Mediates Tumor Growth and Metastasis

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posted on 2023-03-30, 22:43 authored by Cinzia Martinengo, Teresa Poggio, Matteo Menotti, Maria Stella Scalzo, Cristina Mastini, Chiara Ambrogio, Elisa Pellegrino, Ludovica Riera, Roberto Piva, Domenico Ribatti, Fabio Pastorino, Patrizia Perri, Mirco Ponzoni, Qi Wang, Claudia Voena, Roberto Chiarle

Supplementary Figures 1-19. Supplementary Figure 1. Hypoxia pathways are enriched in ALCL. Supplementary Figure 2. Gene expression data on ALCL. Supplementary Figure 3. EML4-ALK NSCLC show enrichment in hypoxia pathway associated genes. Supplementary Figure 4. ALK regulates HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression in ALK-rearranged ALCL cell lines. Supplementary Figure 5. Oncogenic ALK regulates HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression levels in ALK-rearranged ALCL cell lines. Supplementary Figure 6. Oncogenic ALK-mediated control of HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression is not dependent on proteasome-dependent degradation. Supplementary Figure 7. ALK regulates HIF-1α and HIF-2α through STAT3 and C/EBPβ. Supplementary Figure 8. STAT3 and C/EBPβ mediated regulation of HIFs in ALCL. Supplementary Figure 9. Ectopic expression of NPM-ALK in ALK negative ALCL. Supplementary Figure 10. Validation of shRNA against HIF-1α and HIF-2α. Supplementary Figure 11. HIF-2α is essential for the growth of ALK-rearranged ALCL in vivo. Supplementary Figure 12. HIF-1α and HIF-2α are not required for the growth of ALK-negative T cell lymphoma in vivo. Supplementary Figure 13. ALK regulates VEGFA mRNA expression and production in vitro. Supplementary Figure 14. Anti-angiogenic treatment in ALK negative ALCL. Supplementary Figure 15. Oncogenic ALK regulates HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression levels in EML4-ALK NSCLC. Supplementary Figure 16. HIF-α regulation in NSCLC is specifically dependent on ALK activity. Supplementary Figure 17. Oncogenic ALK activity up-regulates VEGF expression in NSCLC. Supplementary Figure 18. HIF-α knock-down does not affect the growth of K-RAS mutated NSCLC. Supplementary Figure 19. HIF-1α and HIF-2α are essential for metastasis formation in EML4-ALK NSCLC.

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ARTICLE ABSTRACT

Rearrangements involving the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene are defining events in several tumors, including anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) and non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). In such cancers, the oncogenic activity of ALK stimulates signaling pathways that induce cell transformation and promote tumor growth. In search for common pathways activated by oncogenic ALK across different tumors types, we found that hypoxia pathways were significantly enriched in ALK-rearranged ALCL and NSCLC, as compared with other types of T-cell lymphoma or EGFR- and K-RAS–mutated NSCLC, respectively. Consistently, in both ALCL and NSCLC, we found that under hypoxic conditions, ALK directly regulated the abundance of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF), which are key players of the hypoxia response in normal tissues and cancers. In ALCL, the upregulation of HIF1α and HIF2α in hypoxic conditions required ALK activity and its downstream signaling proteins STAT3 and C/EBPβ. In vivo, ALK regulated VEGFA production and tumor angiogenesis in ALCL and NSCLC, and the treatment with the anti-VEGFA antibody bevacizumab strongly impaired ALCL growth in mouse xenografts. Finally, HIF2α, but not HIF1α, was required for ALCL growth in vivo whereas the growth and metastasis potential of ALK-rearranged NSCLC required both HIF1α and HIF2α. In conclusion, we uncovered an ALK-specific regulation of the hypoxia response across different ALK+ tumor types and propose HIFs as a powerful specific therapeutic target in ALK-rearranged ALCL and NSCLC. Cancer Res; 74(21); 6094–106. ©2014 AACR.