Supplementary Figure 2 from Accessory Cells of the Microenvironment Protect Multiple Myeloma from T-Cell Cytotoxicity through Cell Adhesion-Mediated Immune Resistance
journal contribution
posted on 2023-03-31, 17:35 authored by Sanne J. de Haart, Niels W.C.J. van de Donk, Monique C. Minnema, Julie H. Huang, Tineke Aarts-Riemens, Niels Bovenschen, Huipin Yuan, Richard W.J. Groen, Douglas W. McMillin, Jana Jakubikova, Henk M. Lokhorst, Anton C. Martens, Constantine S. Mitsiades, Tuna MutisSupplementary Figure 2 - PDF file 50K, Accessory cells protect MM cells from WT-1 specific CTLs. U266 cells were co-cultured with WT-1 specific T cells in presence and absence of different accessory cells. MM cell viability was determined 24h after addition of T cells by CS-BLI (A). Granzyme B production in the supernatant was determined by ELISA (B). Significance of inhibition of MM cell survival in the presence of accessory cells was tested by unpaired two tailed student's t test. *= p<0.05; **= p<0.01
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ARTICLE ABSTRACT
Purpose: Cellular immunotherapy frequently fails to induce sustained remissions in patients with multiple myeloma, indicating the ability of multiple myeloma cells to evade cellular immunity. Toward a better understanding and effective therapeutic modulation of multiple myeloma immune evasion mechanisms, we here investigated the role of the tumor microenvironment in rendering multiple myeloma cells resistant to the cytotoxic machinery of T cells.Experimental Design: Using a compartment-specific, bioluminescence imaging-based assay system, we measured the lysis of luciferase-transduced multiple myeloma cells by CD4+ or CD8+ CTLs in the presence versus absence of adherent accessory cells of the bone marrow microenvironment. We simultaneously determined the level of CTL activation by measuring the granzyme B release in culture supernatants.Results: Bone marrow stromal cells from patients with multiple myeloma and healthy individuals, as well as vascular endothelial cells, significantly inhibited the lysis of multiple myeloma cells in a cell–cell contact-dependent manner and without substantial T-cell suppression, thus showing the induction of a cell adhesion-mediated immune resistance (CAM-IR) against CTL lysis. Further analyses revealed that adhesion to accessory cells downregulated Fas and upregulated the caspase-3 inhibitor survivin in multiple myeloma cells. Reconstitution of Fas expression with bortezomib enhanced the CTL-mediated lysis of multiple myeloma cells. Repressing survivin with the small-molecule YM155 synergized with CTLs and abrogated CAM-IR in vitro and in vivo.Conclusion: These results reveal the cell adhesion-mediated induction of apoptosis resistance as a novel immune escape mechanism and provide a rationale to improve the efficacy of cellular therapies by pharmacologic modulation of CAM-IR. Clin Cancer Res; 19(20); 5591–601. ©2013 AACR.Usage metrics
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Keywords
Cell Death And SenescenceIntercellular interactions in apoptosisbcl-2 pathwaysCell SignalingCell adhesionCell-cell interactionsDrug MechanismsDrug-mediated stimulation of cell death pathwaysHematological CancersMyelomasImmunologyTumor resistance to immune responseImmunotherapyCellular immunotherapyTumor MicroenvironmentTumor-stromal cell interactions
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