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Supplemental Figures 1 - 8 from BRAFV600E Co-opts a Conserved MHC Class I Internalization Pathway to Diminish Antigen Presentation and CD8+ T-cell Recognition of Melanoma

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posted on 2023-04-03, 23:01 authored by Sherille D. Bradley, Zeming Chen, Brenda Melendez, Amjad Talukder, Jahan S. Khalili, Tania Rodriguez-Cruz, Shujuan Liu, Mayra Whittington, Wanleng Deng, Fenge Li, Chantale Bernatchez, Laszlo G. Radvanyi, Michael A. Davies, Patrick Hwu, Gregory Lizée

Supplemental Figure 1. Three melanoma cell lines (CHL1, Mel888, and WM793) were treated with DMSO (0), 10uM, or 50uM of dabrafenib (BRAFi) for 3 hours. Whole cell lysates were prepared, and levels of phospho-ERK and total ERK were analyzed by immunoblotting. Supplemental Figure 2. Mel888 cells were treated with vehicle (DMSO) or 50 uM of BRAFi for 3 hours. Following treatment, cells were stained with fluorescently-labeled antibodies specific for MHC-I (HLA-A,B,C), MHC-II (HLA-DR), PD-L1, or melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (MCSP), and analyzed by flow cytometry. Data shown are representative of at least three replicate experiments with similar results. * indicates p < 0.05; ns, not significant. Supplemental Figure 3. HLA-A2-transduced Mel888 melanoma cell lines were treated with vehicle DMSO (0), 10uM, or 50uM of BRAFi for 3 hours. Whole cell lysates were prepared and levels of phospho-ERK and total ERK were analyzed by immunoblotting. Supplemental Figure 4. HLA-A2-transduced Mel888 or WM793 cells were treated with DMSO or MEKi for 3 hours. Following treatment, cells were stained with a fluorescently-labeled HLA-A2-specific antibody and analyzed by flow cytometry. These experiments were repeated at least four times with similar results. *** indicates p < 0.005; ns, not significant. Supplemental Figure 5. T2 cells were pulsed with titrated amounts of MART-1(27-35) peptide, washed, and then used as stimulator cells for MART1-specific CD8+ TILs. Supernatants were collected after 8 hours of co-culture and analyzed by ELISA to measure interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) release. Supplemental Figure 6. Percentage of intracellular IFNgamma-positive TILs following 3 hours of co-culture with DMSO- or BRAFi-treated HLA-A*0201-transduced Mel888 cells or MART-1(27-35) peptide-pulsed WM793 cells, as measured by flow cytometry. All data are representative of experiments performed at least 3 times with similar results. *, p<0.05; ns, not significant. Supplemental Figure 7. Mel888 cells were treated with 50 uM BRAFi for the indicated times, and cell lysates prepared. Cellular expression of MART-1 protein at each time point was assessed by immunoblotting and quantified using densitometry, with beta-actin levels measured as a loading control. Supplemental Figure 8. Mel888 cells were treated with DMSO, BRAFi, or MEKi for 2 hours and then labeled with 35S-Methionine for 20 min. Cells were placed back into culture at 37 C with continued exposure to drug or vehicle. Cells lysates were prepared at each of the indicated time points and total HLA-A2 was immunoprecipitated and analyzed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Immunoprecipitated HLA-A2 was then analyzed for 35S content by Phosphor-imaging.

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ARTICLE ABSTRACT

Oncogene activation in tumor cells induces broad and complex cellular changes that contribute significantly to disease initiation and progression. In melanoma, oncogenic BRAFV600E has been shown to drive the transcription of a specific gene signature that can promote multiple mechanisms of immune suppression within the tumor microenvironment. We show here that BRAFV600E also induces rapid internalization of MHC class I (MHC-I) from the melanoma cell surface and its intracellular sequestration within endolysosomal compartments. Importantly, MAPK inhibitor treatment quickly restored MHC-I surface expression in tumor cells, thereby enhancing melanoma antigen-specific T-cell recognition and effector function. MAPK pathway–driven relocalization of HLA-A*0201 required a highly conserved cytoplasmic serine phosphorylation site previously implicated in rapid MHC-I internalization and recycling by activated immune cells. Collectively, these data suggest that oncogenic activation of BRAF allows tumor cells to co-opt an evolutionarily conserved MHC-I trafficking pathway as a strategy to facilitate immune evasion. This link between MAPK pathway activation and the MHC-I cytoplasmic tail has direct implications for immunologic recognition of tumor cells and provides further evidence to support testing therapeutic strategies combining MAPK pathway inhibition with immunotherapies in the clinical setting. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(6); 602–9. ©2015 AACR.