Figure S1-9; Supplementary methods from VHL Deficiency Drives Enhancer Activation of Oncogenes in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
journal contribution
posted on 2023-04-03, 21:22 authored by Xiaosai Yao, Jing Tan, Kevin Junliang Lim, Joanna Koh, Wen Fong Ooi, Zhimei Li, Dachuan Huang, Manjie Xing, Yang Sun Chan, James Zhengzhong Qu, Su Ting Tay, Giovani Wijaya, Yue Ning Lam, Jing Han Hong, Ai Ping Lee-Lim, Peiyong Guan, Michelle Shu Wen Ng, Cassandra Zhengxuan He, Joyce Suling Lin, Tannistha Nandi, Aditi Qamra, Chang Xu, Swe Swe Myint, James O. J. Davies, Jian Yuan Goh, Gary Loh, Bryan C. Tan, Steven G. Rozen, Qiang Yu, Iain Bee Huat Tan, Christopher Wai Sam Cheng, Shang Li, Kenneth Tou En Chang, Puay Hoon Tan, David Lawrence Silver, Alexander Lezhava, Gertrud Steger, Jim R. Hughes, Bin Tean Teh, Patrick TanSupplementary methods. Supplementary Figures 1-9
Funding
Biomedical Research Council Young Investigator
National Natural Science Foundation of China
National Research Foundation
National Medical Research Council
Wellcome Trust
MRC
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ARTICLE ABSTRACT
Protein-coding mutations in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have been extensively characterized, frequently involving inactivation of the von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor. Roles for noncoding cis-regulatory aberrations in ccRCC tumorigenesis, however, remain unclear. Analyzing 10 primary tumor/normal pairs and 9 cell lines across 79 chromatin profiles, we observed pervasive enhancer malfunction in ccRCC, with cognate enhancer-target genes associated with tissue-specific aspects of malignancy. Superenhancer profiling identified ZNF395 as a ccRCC-specific and VHL-regulated master regulator whose depletion causes near-complete tumor elimination in vitro and in vivo. VHL loss predominantly drives enhancer/superenhancer deregulation more so than promoters, with acquisition of active enhancer marks (H3K27ac, H3K4me1) near ccRCC hallmark genes. Mechanistically, VHL loss stabilizes HIF2α–HIF1β heterodimer binding at enhancers, subsequently recruiting histone acetyltransferase p300 without overtly affecting preexisting promoter–enhancer interactions. Subtype-specific driver mutations such as VHL may thus propagate unique pathogenic dependencies in ccRCC by modulating epigenomic landscapes and cancer gene expression.Significance: Comprehensive epigenomic profiling of ccRCC establishes a compendium of somatically altered cis-regulatory elements, uncovering new potential targets including ZNF395, a ccRCC master regulator. Loss of VHL, a ccRCC signature event, causes pervasive enhancer malfunction, with binding of enhancer-centric HIF2α and recruitment of histone acetyltransferase p300 at preexisting lineage-specific promoter–enhancer complexes. Cancer Discov; 7(11); 1284–305. ©2017 AACR.See related commentary by Ricketts and Linehan, p. 1221.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1201Usage metrics
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