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Supplementary fig 5 from A Modified Nucleoside 6-Thio-2′-Deoxyguanosine Exhibits Antitumor Activity in Gliomas

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posted on 2023-03-31, 23:09 authored by Shengnan Yu, Shiyou Wei, Milan Savani, Xiang Lin, Kuang Du, Ilgen Mender, Silvia Siteni, Themistoklis Vasilopoulos, Zachary J. Reitman, Yin Ku, Di Wu, Hao Liu, Meng Tian, Yaohui Chen, Marilyne Labrie, Casey M. Charbonneau, Eric Sugarman, Michelle Bowie, Seethalakshmi Hariharan, Matthew Waitkus, Wen Jiang, Roger E. McLendon, Edward Pan, Mustafa Khasraw, Kyle M. Walsh, Yiling Lu, Meenhard Herlyn, Gordon Mills, Utz Herbig, Zhi Wei, Stephen T. Keir, Keith Flaherty, Lunxu Liu, Kongming Wu, Jerry W. Shay, Kalil Abdullah, Gao Zhang, David M. Ashley

Supplementary Figure 5. (A-C) The heatmap of proteins changed by THIO in M059K, LN229 and U87MG cells from RPPA data. (D-F) Western blot was performed to confirm the change of these proteins in H4 (more sensitive to THIO) (D), U87MG (less sensitive to THIO) (E), and U251MG (more resistant to THIO) (F) after treatment with THIO at 5 µM. Actin serves as a loading control. (G) Heatmap of pathways regulated by THIO in M059K, LN229 and U87MG cells.

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NCI

NIH

Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation

China Scholarship Council

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ARTICLE ABSTRACT

To investigate the therapeutic role of a novel telomere-directed inhibitor, 6-thio-2′-deoxyguanosine (THIO) in gliomas both in vitro and in vivo. A panel of human and mouse glioma cell lines was used to test therapeutic efficacy of THIO using cell viability assays, flow cytometric analyses, and immunofluorescence. Integrated analyses of RNA sequencing and reverse-phase protein array data revealed the potential antitumor mechanisms of THIO. Four patient-derived xenografts (PDX), two patient-derived organoids (PDO), and two xenografts of human glioma cell lines were used to further investigate the therapeutic efficacy of THIO. THIO was effective in the majority of human and mouse glioma cell lines with no obvious toxicity against normal astrocytes. THIO as a monotherapy demonstrated efficacy in three glioma cell lines that had acquired resistance to temozolomide. In addition, THIO showed efficacy in four human glioma cell lines grown as neurospheres by inducing apoptotic cell death. Mechanistically, THIO induced telomeric DNA damage not only in glioma cell lines but also in PDX tumor specimens. Integrated computational analyses of transcriptomic and proteomic data indicated that THIO significantly inhibited cell invasion, stem cell, and proliferation pathways while triggering DNA damage and apoptosis. Importantly, THIO significantly decreased tumor proliferation in two PDO models and reduced the tumor size of a glioblastoma xenograft and a PDX model. The current study established the therapeutic role of THIO in primary and recurrent gliomas and revealed the acute induction of telomeric DNA damage as a primary antitumor mechanism of THIO in gliomas.

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Keywords

Cell Death And Senescence Telomeres and telomerase Cns Cancers Gliomas, Glioblastomas Dna Damage And Repair DNA damage Drug Mechanisms Proteomics

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