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Supplementary Figures from Upregulation of IGF1R by Mutant RAS in Leukemia and Potentiation of RAS Signaling Inhibitors by Small-Molecule Inhibition of IGF1R

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posted on 2023-03-31, 19:06 authored by Ellen Weisberg, Atsushi Nonami, Zhao Chen, Erik Nelson, Yongfei Chen, Feiyang Liu, HaeYeon Cho, Jianming Zhang, Martin Sattler, Constantine Mitsiades, Kwok-Kin Wong, Qingsong Liu, Nathanael S. Gray, James D. Griffin

Supplementary Figure 1. Schematic of LINCS library chemical screen. Supplementary Figure 2. Selectivity of LINCS library kinase inhibitors toward mutant NRAS-expressing cells. Supplementary Figure 3. Proliferation studies showing positive combination effects between AZD6244 and LINCS library inhibitors. Supplementary Figure 4. Treatment of Ba/F3-NRAS-G12D cells with GSK1904529A, AZD6244, or a combination of both in the presence of RPMI+10% FBS or RPMI+10�S supplemented with 15% WEHI-conditioned medium (used as a source of IL-3). Supplementary Figure 5. Investigation of the combined effects of IGF-1R inhibition and MEK inhibition on RAS and IGF-1R protein expression in RAS-transformed cells. Supplementary Figure 6 (A-E). Induction of apoptosis in AZD6244 and GSK1904529A-treated wt and mutant RAS-expressing AML cell lines. Supplementary Figure 6 (F-I). Cell cycle progression of AZD6244 and GSK1904529A-treated mutant RAS-expressing cells. Supplementary Figure 6 (J-L). Effects of the combination of IGF-1R inhibitor, GSK1904529A (75 nM), and the Mek inhibitor, AZD6244 (20 nM), on cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis of Ba/F3-NRAS-G12D cells. Supplementary Figure 6 (M). Effects of the combination of GSK1904529A (37.5 nM) and AZD6244 (37.5 nM) on cell cycle progression of Ba/F3-KRAS-G12D cells. Supplementary Figure 6 (N). Effects of the combination of GSK1904529A (300 nM) and AZD6244 (300 nM) on soft agar colony growth of wt RAS-expressing MOLM14 cells, mutant KRAS-expressing NB4 cells, and mutant NRAS-expressing OCI-AML3 cells. Supplementary Figure 7 (part 1). Treatment of human AML cells with GSK1904529A, AZD6244, or a combination of both in the presence of RPMI+10% FBS, 95% HS-5 SCM, or 95% HS27a SCM. Supplementary Figure 7 (part 2). Treatment of human AML cells with GSK1904529A, AZD6244, or a combination of both in the presence of RPMI+10% FBS, 95% HS-5 SCM, or 95% HS27a SCM. Supplementary Figure 8. Heightened response of mutant RAS-expressing HL60 cells to IGF as compared to Hel cells. Supplementary Figure 9. Investigation of the combined effects of GSK1904529A and the PI3K inhibitor, ZSTK474, against wild-type or mutant RAS-expressing Ba/F3 cells. Supplementary Figure 10. Investigation of phospho- and total-Erk1/Erk2 and phospho and total IGF-1R levels in wt and mutant RAS-expressing human AML cell lines. Supplementary Figure 11. MEK inhibition as a predictor of response to IGF-1R and MEK inhibitor combination treatment. Supplementary Figure 12. Effects of NVPAEW541 on IGF-1R (A) and Erk1/Erk2 (B) phosphorylation. Supplementary Figure 13. Investigation of the combined effects of IGF-1R inhibition and MEK inhibition on phosphorylation of Erk1/Erk2 (A) and AKT (B) in mutant RAS-expressing cells. Supplementary Figure 14. Investigation of the combined effects of IGF-1R inhibition and MEK inhibition on phospho-4E-BP1 (Serine 65) expression in mutant RAS-expressing cells. Supplementary Figure 15. Effects of IGF-1R KD in the mutant KRAS-expressing human cell line, NB4, and wt RAS-expressing human cell line, Hel. Supplementary Figure 16. Mouse spleen measurements from in vivo leukemia study investigating the effects of NVPAEW541, AZD6244, or NVPAEW541+AZD6244 treatment of mice tail vein-injected with OCI-AML3-luc+ cells. Supplementary Figure 17. Combined effects of IGF-1R and MEK inhibition against mutant NRAS-positive AML patient cells.

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ARTICLE ABSTRACT

Purpose: Activating mutations in the RAS oncogene occur frequently in human leukemias. Direct targeting of RAS has proven to be challenging, although targeting of downstream RAS mediators, such as MEK, is currently being tested clinically. Given the complexity of RAS signaling, it is likely that combinations of targeted agents will be more effective than single agents.Experimental Design: A chemical screen using RAS-dependent leukemia cells was developed to identify compounds with unanticipated activity in the presence of an MEK inhibitor and led to identification of inhibitors of IGF1R. Results were validated using cell-based proliferation, apoptosis, cell-cycle, and gene knockdown assays; immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting; and a noninvasive in vivo bioluminescence model of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Results: Mechanistically, IGF1R protein expression/activity was substantially increased in mutant RAS-expressing cells, and suppression of RAS led to decreases in IGF1R. Synergy between MEK and IGF1R inhibitors correlated with induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell-cycle progression, and decreased phospho-S6 and phospho-4E-BP1. In vivo, NSG mice tail veins injected with OCI-AML3-luc+ cells showed significantly lower tumor burden following 1 week of daily oral administration of 50 mg/kg NVP-AEW541 (IGF1R inhibitor) combined with 25 mg/kg AZD6244 (MEK inhibitor), as compared with mice treated with either agent alone. Drug combination effects observed in cell-based assays were generalized to additional mutant RAS-positive neoplasms.Conclusions: The finding that downstream inhibitors of RAS signaling and IGF1R inhibitors have synergistic activity warrants further clinical investigation of IGF1R and RAS signaling inhibition as a potential treatment strategy for RAS-driven malignancies. Clin Cancer Res; 20(21); 5483–95. ©2014 AACR.