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S3. Increase in beige/brown adipose tissue independent of the site of implantation of the cancer cells from Increased Expression of Beige/Brown Adipose Markers from Host and Breast Cancer Cells Influence Xenograft Formation in Mice

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posted on 2023-04-03, 16:21 authored by Rajan Singh, Meher Parveen, John M. Basgen, Sayeda Fazel, Meron F. Meshesha, Easter C. Thames, Brandis Moore, Luis Martinez, Carolyn B. Howard, Laurent Vergnes, Karen Reue, Shehla Pervin

Upregulation of the markers of beige/brown adipocytes were not dependent on site of cancer cell injection.

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ARTICLE ABSTRACT

The initiation and progression of breast cancer is a complex process that is influenced by heterogeneous cell populations within the tumor microenvironment. Although adipocytes have been shown to promote breast cancer development, adipocyte characteristics involved in this process remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate enrichment of beige/brown adipose markers, contributed from the host as well as tumor cells, in the xenografts from breast cancer cell lines. In addition to uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) that is exclusively expressed in beige/brown adipocytes, gene expression for classical brown (MYF5, EVA1, and OPLAH) as well as beige (CD137/TNFRSF9 and TBX1) adipocyte markers was also elevated in the xenografts. Enrichment of beige/brown characteristics in the xenografts was independent of the site of implantation of the breast tumor cells. Early stages of xenografts showed an expansion of a subset of mammary cancer stem cells that expressed PRDM16, a master regulator of brown adipocyte differentiation. Depletion of UCP1+ or Myf5+ cells significantly reduced tumor development. There was increased COX2 (MT-CO2) expression, which is known to stimulate formation of beige adipocytes in early xenografts and treatment with a COX2 inhibitor (SC236) reduced tumor growth. In contrast, treatment with factors that induce brown adipocyte differentiation in vitro led to larger tumors in vivo. A panel of xenografts derived from established breast tumor cells as well as patient tumor tissues were generated that expressed key brown adipose tissue–related markers and contained cells that morphologically resembled brown adipocytes.Implications: This is the first report demonstrating that beige/brown adipocyte characteristics could play an important role in breast tumor development and suggest a potential target for therapeutic drug design. Mol Cancer Res; 14(1); 78–92. ©2015 AACR.

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