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Figure S7 from Degalactotigonin, a Natural Compound from Solanum nigrum L., Inhibits Growth and Metastasis of Osteosarcoma through GSK3β Inactivation–Mediated Repression of the Hedgehog/Gli1 Pathway
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posted on 2023-03-31, 19:21 authored by Zhiqiang Zhao, Qiang Jia, Man-Si Wu, Xianbiao Xie, Yongqian Wang, Guohui Song, Chang-Ye Zou, Qinglian Tang, Jinchang Lu, Gang Huang, Jin Wang, De-Chen Lin, H. Phillip Koeffler, Jun-Qiang Yin, Jingnan ShenIHC analyses of the selected proteins indicated that the DGT-treated tumor tissues from the mice in Fig. 4A
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Guangdong Natural Science Foundation
Sun Yat-Sen University Clinical Research
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ARTICLE ABSTRACT
Purpose: Agents extracted from natural sources with antitumor property have attracted considerable attention from researchers and clinicians because of their safety, efficacy, and immediate availability. Degalactotigonin (DGT), extracted from Solanum nigrum L., has anticancer properties without serious side effects. Here, we explored whether DGT can inhibit the growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma.Experimental Design: MTT, colony formation, and apoptosis assays were performed to analyze the effects of DGT on osteosarcoma cell viability in vitro. The migration and invasion abilities were measured using a Transwell assay. Animal models were used to assess the roles of DGT in both tumor growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Gli1 expression and function were measured in osteosarcoma cells and clinical samples. After DGT treatment, Gli1 activation and the phosphorylation status of multiple cellular kinases were measured with a luciferase reporter and phospho-kinase antibody array.Results: DGT inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed migration and invasion in osteosarcoma cells. DGT, injected intraperitoneally after tumor inoculation, significantly decreased the volume of osteosarcoma xenografts and dramatically diminished the occurrence of osteosarcoma xenograft metastasis to the lungs. Mechanistically, DGT inhibited osteosarcoma growth and metastasis through repression of the Hedgehog/Gli1 pathway, which maintains malignant phenotypes and is involved in the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients. DGT decreased the activity of multiple intracellular kinases that affect the survival of osteosarcoma patients, including GSK3β. In addition, DGT represses the Hedgehog/Gli1 pathway mainly through GSK3β inactivation.Conclusions: Our studies provide evidence that DGT can suppress the growth and metastasis of human osteosarcoma through modulation of GSK3β inactivation–mediated repression of the Hedgehog/Gli1 pathway. Clin Cancer Res; 24(1); 130–44. ©2017 AACR.Usage metrics
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