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Figure S6 from Vaccination with Designed Neopeptides Induces Intratumoral, Cross-reactive CD4+ T-cell Responses in Glioblastoma

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posted on 2023-04-01, 00:01 authored by Jian Wang, Tobias Weiss, Marian C. Neidert, Nora C. Toussaint, Reza Naghavian, Carla Sellés Moreno, Magdalena Foege, Paula Tomas Ojer, Gioele Medici, Ivan Jelcic, Daniel Schulz, Elisabeth Rushing, Susanne Dettwiler, Barbara Schrörs, Joo Heon Shin, Ron McKay, Catherine J. Wu, Andreas Lutterotti, Mireia Sospedra, Holger Moch, Erich F. Greiner, Bernd Bodenmiller, Luca Regli, Michael Weller, Patrick Roth, Roland Martin

TILs do not respond to N-class I-peptides. TILs were stimulated with 5- or 10 μM N-class I-peptides for 5 days. 5 replicate wells were tested for proliferation, and proliferation was measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation assay. The proliferation strength is depicted as SI. (#) indicates the peptide that was used in the 1st to 4th vaccinations. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM.

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Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (SNF)

HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council (ERC)

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ARTICLE ABSTRACT

The low mutational load of some cancers is considered one reason for the difficulty to develop effective tumor vaccines. To overcome this problem, we developed a strategy to design neopeptides through single amino acid mutations to enhance their immunogenicity. Exome and RNA sequencing as well as in silico HLA-binding predictions to autologous HLA molecules were used to identify candidate neopeptides. Subsequently, in silico HLA-anchor placements were used to deduce putative T-cell receptor (TCR) contacts of peptides. Single amino acids of TCR contacting residues were then mutated by amino acid replacements. Overall, 175 peptides were synthesized and sets of 25 each containing both peptides designed to bind to HLA class I and II molecules applied in the vaccination. Upon development of a tumor recurrence, the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were characterized in detail both at the bulk and clonal level. The immune response of peripheral blood T cells to vaccine peptides, including natural peptides and designed neopeptides, gradually increased with repetitive vaccination, but remained low. In contrast, at the time of tumor recurrence, CD8+ TILs and CD4+ TILs responded to 45% and 100%, respectively, of the vaccine peptides. Furthermore, TIL-derived CD4+ T-cell clones showed strong responses and tumor cell lysis not only against the designed neopeptide but also against the unmutated natural peptides of the tumor. Turning tumor self-peptides into foreign antigens by introduction of designed mutations is a promising strategy to induce strong intratumoral CD4+ T-cell responses in a cold tumor like glioblastoma.

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