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Figure S2 from Galectin-3 Shapes Antitumor Immune Responses by Suppressing CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells via LAG-3 and Inhibiting Expansion of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells

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posted on 2023-04-03, 23:11 authored by Theodore Kouo, Lanqing Huang, Alexandra B. Pucsek, Minwei Cao, Sara Solt, Todd Armstrong, Elizabeth Jaffee
<p>Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were isolated 5 days post adoptive transfer according to the materials and methods section. Cells were gated for Thy1.2 expression. <b>A)</b> Galectin-3 wildtype (WT) high avidity CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells were adoptively transferred into either galectin-3 WT (red) or galectin-3 KO neu-N (blue) recipient mice. Histogram overlays show differences in galectin-3 MFI between the two groups with respect to isotype control staining (orange). <b>B)</b> Galectin-3 staining is now shown on galectin-3 KO high avidity CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells adoptively transferred into a galectin-3 KO neu-N recipient (blue) with respect to an isotype control (red). <b>C)</b> TCR avidity is compared between galectin-3 WT high avidity CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells from a galectin-3 WT neu-N recipient and galectin-3 KO high avidity CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells from a galectin-3 KO neu-N recipient. TCR avidity was assessed by staining with a 1:100 dilution of MHC I Dq tetramer loaded with the RNEU420-429 (P50) peptide. This experiment was repeated twice with similar results. <b>D)</b> Histogram overlays demonstrating differences in surface galectin-3 MFI on adoptively transferred high avidity tumor specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells (Thy1.2<sup>+</sup>) vs. endogenous CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in the tumor microenvironment (Thy1.2<sup>-</sup>)</p>

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ARTICLE ABSTRACT

Galectin-3 is a 31-kDa lectin that modulates T-cell responses through several mechanisms, including apoptosis, T-cell receptor (TCR) cross-linking, and TCR downregulation. We found that patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) who responded to a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor–secreting allogeneic PDA vaccine developed neutralizing antibodies to galectin-3 after immunization. We show that galectin-3 binds activated antigen-committed CD8+ T cells only in the tumor microenvironment. Galectin-3–deficient mice exhibit improved CD8+ T-cell effector function and increased expression of several inflammatory genes. Galectin-3 binds to LAG-3, and LAG-3 expression is necessary for galectin-3–mediated suppression of CD8+ T cells in vitro. Lastly, galectin-3–deficient mice have elevated levels of circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells, which are superior to conventional dendritic cells in activating CD8+ T cells. Thus, inhibiting galectin-3 in conjunction with CD8+ T-cell–directed immunotherapies should enhance the tumor-specific immune response. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(4); 412–23. ©2015 AACR.

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