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Figure 6 from Trabectedin Enhances the Antitumor Effects of IL-12 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

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posted on 2025-04-02, 07:24 authored by Emily Schwarz, Himanshu Savardekar, Sara Zelinskas, Abigail Mouse, Gabriella Lapurga, Justin Lyberger, Adithe Rivaldi, Emily M. Ringwalt, Katherine E. Miller, Lianbo Yu, Gregory K. Behbehani, Timothy P. Cripe, William E. Carson

CD8a depletion abrogates IL-12/trabectedin-induced tumor control. BALB/c mice were inoculated with 4T1 cells. Once tumors reached ∼50 mm3, mice were either depleted of CD8a+ cells using α-CD8a antibody (n = 7) or treated with an IgG isotype control antibody (n = 6). CD8a+ depletion was performed through intraperitoneal injection of an αCD8 antibody 1 day prior to the start of IL-12 and trabectedin treatment (at a dose of 200 μg) and every 4 days thereafter (at a dose of 100 μg). Nondepleted mice were treated with the same dose of control antibody at the same time points. Both groups were treated with 0.5 μg IL-12 i.p. 3 ×/week and 0.15 mg/kg trabectedin i.v. 1×/week. A, Tumor growth curves throughout the 8-day treatment. B, Tumor images after excision. C, Individual tumor growth curves for IL-12 and trabectedin + IgG–treated mice and IL-12 and trabectedin + αCD8–treated mice. D, Plasma cytokine and chemokine levels in mice (n = 4–6) at day 16. For statistical analyses of tumor volumes, linear mixed modeling was used to model longitudinal tumor volume for mice under each treatment. Comparisons were done at each time point and averaged across all time points using t-statistics. The Tukey–Kramer method was used for adjusting raw P values for multiple comparisons across treatment groups. Statistical analyses of bar graphs were performed using two-tailed unpaired student t tests. Data represent mean ± SEM. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01. Trab, trabectedin.

Funding

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

United States Department of Health and Human Services

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National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)

United States Department of Health and Human Services

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ARTICLE ABSTRACT

IL-12 is a potent NK cell–stimulating cytokine, but the presence of immunosuppressive myeloid cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) can inhibit IL-12–induced NK-cell cytotoxicity. Thus, we hypothesized that trabectedin, a myeloid cell–depleting agent, would improve the efficacy of IL-12 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In vitro treatment of healthy donor NK cells with trabectedin increased expression of the activation marker CD69 and mRNA expression of T-box transcription factor (Tbx21), the cytotoxic ligands TNF-related apoptosis–inducing ligand (TNFSF10), Fas ligand (FASLG), and the dendritic cell (DC)–recruiting chemokine lymphotactin (XCL1). The combination of IL-12 and trabectedin increased NK-cell cytotoxicity and activation and production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and granzyme B in the presence of human TNBC cells. Treatment of 4T1 and EMT6 tumor–bearing mice with IL-12 and trabectedin led to a significant reduction in tumor burden compared with single-agent controls and the highest levels of plasma IFN-γ, intratumoral CD8+ T cells, and conventional type 1 DC. MDSC and M2-like macrophages were significantly decreased with combination therapy. NK-cell depletion abrogated the effects of combination therapy, as did the elimination of CD8+ T cells. NK-cell depletion led to lower levels of the NK cell–derived chemokine CCL5 and the DC-derived chemokine CXCL10, higher tumor burden, and decreased intratumoral CD8+ T cells. IL-12 and trabectedin also significantly enhanced the response of TNBC to anti–PD-L1 therapy. These data suggest that MDSC depletion augments the ability of IL-12–activated NK cells to drive the infiltration of DC and CD8+ T cells into TNBC for an antitumor effect.