Figure 2 from Sucralose Consumption Ablates Cancer Immunotherapy Response through Microbiome Disruption

<p>Sucralose ablates immunotherapeutic responses. C57BL/6 mice from Taconic consumed sucralose in the drinking water (0.09 mg/mL) for 2 weeks prior to tumor injection and for the duration of the experiment. Mice were injected with 2.5 × 10⁵ MC38 cells subcutaneously and treated with 200 µg anti–PD-1 on days 9, 12, and 15. Tumor area was measured every 3 days until endpoint. <b>A,</b> Experimental schematic. <b>B,</b> Tumor growth curves of mice consuming sucrose or sucralose in the drinking water during treatment with anti–PD-1. CR, complete response. <b>C,</b> Tumor growth curves in MC38 subcutaneous (circles) or B16 intradermal (squares) treated with anti–PD-1. Mice were sourced from either The Jackson Laboratory (Jax, open circles) or Taconic Biosciences (Taconic, closed circles). Mice were removed from study either when tumors reached 2 cm in either direction or if there was unresolved ulceration. Mean tumor growth lines halt once all mice in a treatment group were removed. <b>D</b> and <b>E,</b> C57BL/6 mice from either Taconic (<b>D</b>) or Jackson (<b>E</b>) consumed sucralose in their drinking water as in (<b>C</b>). They were subjected to the AOM-DSS protocol (injected with 10 mg/kg AOM on day 0 and given 3% DSS in the drinking water on days 7–14 and 28–35). Overall tumor number and composition of “large” tumors (>2 mm in any direction) are shown. Data are a composite of three (<b>C</b>) or two (<b>B</b> and <b>D</b>) independent experiments with five mice per group per experiment. Error bars represent the mean ± SEM. A two-way ANOVA (<b>C</b>) or Student <i>t</i> test (<b>D</b>) was used. *, <i>P</i> < 0.05; ns, not significant.</p>